Joseph's Personal Spirituality and Adversity Quotient Based on Genesis 37-50: A Content Analysis of Literature Rio Janto Pardede, Yatmini and Martinus Metboki

Paper received: 02 August 2021 Paper revised: 26 November – 04 December 2021 Paper approved: 18 December 2021 Abstract Success is everyone's dream, but not a few people retreat and even fail because they are not ready to face the process of achieving that success. Joseph is the son who is dearest to his father, but this makes his brother hate him. Joseph is a character in the Bible, and Joseph realized that all the thoughts of his brothers, all the difficulties he experienced, were solely in God's design, and God had a good purpose in the difficulties he experienced. In a sense, Joseph's personal spirituality determines how he can have an adversity quotient so that Joseph became a tough person in facing all the challenges of his life. This study aims to analyze personal spirituality and adversity quotient. The research method used is content analysis. Research questions: what is the relationship between personal spirituality and Adversity Quotient? and to what extent can personal spirituality make someone strong in AQ? The result showed that personal spirituality and adversity quotient is related to one another. Based on the text analysis, it was found that the relationship between personal spirituality and adversity quotient on content: personal spirituality that comes from family influence, personal spirituality that comes from character, Joseph's spirituality in facing challenges (family, female, wealth and power), and personal spirituality in the knowledge of God and understanding His plan thus forming his adversity quotient.

"success" is debatable. Success is relative and the extent to which a person can be categorized as successful is purely a subjective matter.
In an online search on theology and science journals on personal spirituality subject, there are 211 articles found with five categories: spirituality (6 articles), personal (2 articles), spiritual (2 articles), science and theology (111 articles) and book reviews (5 papers Christian spirituality has a connection with science (Laurendeau 2012). However, based on the search: there is no journal writing that specifically discusses personal spirituality, as well as spirituality, personal, spiritual. Science and theology, and book reviews have nothing to do with AQ.
Topics addressed by previous researches are different in AQ by gender (Hanum 2018), the relationship between emotional intelligence and AQ (Wibowo 2015), between future orientation and AQ (Agusta 2014), extrinsic motivation to AQ (Nursalam, Misutarno, & Yulia 2008), AQ towards mathematics learning (Amir, Z et al. 2017;Hidayat and Sariningsih 2018;Pradika, Amin, and Khabibah 2019; Rahayu and Benyamin 2020), AQ's relationship to management (Tansiongco and Ibarra 2020), AQ's impact towards career (Shalihah, Yudianto, and Hidayati 2018), the influence of AQ towards working's environment (Kadek et al. 2019), the influence of emotions, intelligence, and spirituality on AQ (Puspitacandri et al. 2020), AQ's impact towards entrepreneurs (Alfiah, Murwani, and Wardana 2018), AQ's contribution to personal intelligence (Solfema 2018), the influence of AQ on leadership (Qamaruddin, Mukti, and Margaretha 2020), AQ as a mental complement (Baharun and Adhimah 2019), AQ's relation to science (Siregar, Rajagukguk, and Sinulingga 2020), and other researches or writings on AQ which pointed out that AQ is an important part of achieving one's goal or success. However, up to now, there has been no research looking at factors that cause a person to survive adversity or, in other words, what factors which determine a person's Adversity Intelligence. Nevertheless, personal spirituality and AQ need to be analyzed further, especially in Joseph's character study.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Adversity talks about adversity or misfortune (Soanes, and Stevenson 2004).
However, it can also mean damage, disaster. In a sense, things go bad, including a whole series of misfortunes caused by enemies, poverty, and diseases (Bromiley 2002), or adverse circumstances (Publishers 1995), unpleasant events (Collins Concise Dictionary. Electronic Ed., 2000. In the Old Testament, in the Revised Version (English and American) exclusively, this term expresses various forms of distress.
Whereas the New Testament literally describes or interprets difficulties (Orr 1999). While quotient describes intelligence, this means that the results are obtained from one quantity to another (Soanes and Stevenson 2004), or the quotient (Alswang and Rensburg 1999). So, it is clear that the adversity quotient is a problem everyone faces, of course, with different portions and different ways of dealing with it.
Spirituality emphasizes the expression of one's gratitude to God, which is manifested in actions and attitudes. The expression of spirituality is the interaction between a person and his God and considers spirituality as a special responsibility and evidence of obedience as the fruit of the work of the Holy Spirit (Hawthorne, Martin, and Reid 1993). Spirituality is described as love and devotion to God that brings peace and care, seen in the sensitivity or commitment to religious values and sacred things (Youngblood, Bruce, and Harrison 1995). In the New Testament, a person becomes spiritual because of the presence and power of the indwelling Holy Spirit and the spiritual gifts He gives to believers (1 Cor. 12:1).
The picture of spirituality also reflects indifference to worldly things (Swanson and Nave 1994). Therefore, good spirituality will have the ability to have intellectual, feeling and will as personal attributes (Orr 1999 Zohar and Marshall (2000) said that spiritual intelligence is important (Likewise Nwadinigwe's opinion, "spirituality has a relationship with emotions and affects academic progress (Nwadinigwe and Azuka-Obieke 2012).
In line with that, Aquino argues that "it is important to have good spirituality so that it can

Personal Spirituality
The term "spirituality", according to Christ, empowered by the Spirit. So, someone who has good spirituality will establish a relationship with God and be seen with his relationships with others. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that Joseph's life also had the same pattern. He feared God to face and pass the challenges, difficulties, and threats that came to his life.

Adversity Quotient
Some theological dictionaries, such as Bromiley (2002:60), explain that the word adversity includes the entire adversity caused by enemies, poverty, and disease. In line with that, Alswang and Rensburg (1999:95), describes adversity as detrimental, unfavourable. Soanes and Stevenson (2004) call it misfortune. Collins (2000: 199), calls it an unfortunate event. Strong calls it, stumbling (Strong 1996: 6761). Vine et al. (1996: 15) call it complete, suffered tribulation. Thus adversity is a life's problem, either caused by one's fault or because of other people.
Adversity can either be a tool to stop the force of life or a "whip" to strive towards the desired goal, even if you have to go through difficulties. Quotient is a dividend or a result obtained from (Soanes & Stevenson 2004: 11), and the Quotient is also an integral part of the dividend (Collins 2000: 99). The results meant are the results obtained from adversity. So, based on the definition above, the Adversity Quotient is the difficulty, suffering, pressure that we experience directly, which requires us to survive and face life's challenges to get results that can help us achieve success.
By definition, there are three categories of people, namely quitters, campers and climbers.
Quitters are people who work simply to make a living; they take very few risks and are usually not creative and such people make no meaningful contribution to the work. Campers have a little initiative, a little effort, a little passion and some effort, and they will work hard if it gets them to a safe position, but they will think long about taking a risk. Climbers welcome all challenges and have confidence that there are urgent matters that must be resolved. They can be passionate and self-motivated to strive for better things in life. Adversity quotient is an ability that has four dimensions called CO2RE (control, origin ownership, reach and endurance. Furthermore, people like Climbers usually have good spirituality. Because they have fighting power, productivity, creativity, motivation, take risk, improvement, perseverance, learning, embracing change (Stoltz 2000:25).

RESEARCH METHOD
In order to analyze the relationship between personal spirituality and Adversity  (2004) to identify the number of main articles that discuss personal spirituality and AQ (physically, no discussion is found in the articles) and find no effect of personal spirituality on Adversity Quotient. Based on the author's findings, those articles were used as complementary to primary data, identifying words, sentences, content and statements related to personal spirituality towards AQ, and identifying the patterns in AQ spirituality. Third, once the authors formulated and identified the text unit to be analyzed, the authors used the category type in classifying the unit of analysis, i.e. substance (text content) and form (text relation).  Swanson's (1997:170-172) that Jacob gave love which was different with his other sons, even lower than the one he gave to Joseph-even though they were brothers.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
However, the love referred to according to Holladay and Ludwig (1971:5), means the love of a father or son, just like Abraham's love for Isaac (Gen. 22:2). However, Strong (1997:157) gives the meaning of affection in the sense of good and evil. In a sense, because Joseph was born of Jacob's first love, he was born in Jacob's old age. Even Jacob's love for Joseph was like his love towards his soul (Gesenius, Tregellesm, and Samuel 2003:15). So spiritually, Jacob showed "excessive" love to Joseph; even Joseph was "spoiled" by giving Joseph more valuable things than his brothers. However, this did not change Joseph's attitude to become an arrogant, disrespectful person towards his brothers. Of course, this was due to the influence of Joseph's good spirituality so that he was not affected by how his father treated him. Joseph's spirituality made him a sincere, innocent and resilient man, even though his father praised him excessively.

Joseph's personal spirituality with character: Honesty and integrity
Joseph has several characters that help As a result of Joseph's honesty, his brothers hate Joseph. Swanson (1997:8533-8534) (Whitaker et al. 1997:944-945). Landes The discussion shows that Joseph has proven integrity because not a few men "fell into sexual sin," especially if the one offering is a woman, as in the case of Joseph, while in fact, he was a normal man. But Joseph strongly refused (Brown, Driver and Briggs 2000:549). Swanson (1997:4412-4413) Swanson's (1997: 5989-5990), ‫ָנ‬ ‫ַת‬ ‫ן‬ (nā.ṯǎn): (qal) gives, namely placing an object or idea in the possession or control of another. Gesenius, Tregelles and Samuel (2003: 572) state that the word means to give orders to anyone, see ‫ָי‬ ‫ד‬ means to set, put, and place. Strong (1997:5414) ‫ָנ‬ ‫ַת‬ ‫ן‬ nâthan, of designation, considers with superiors' approval. Whitaker et al. (1997: 681), put and manage. Furthermore, Potiphar handed over power over his house to Joseph. Whitaker et al. (1997:681) attend to, visit, muster, appoint in the sense of being a supervisor, committed, trusting.
Brown, Driver and Briggs (2000:823), governs (over), oversees, and entrust. Strong (1997:6485) to supervise, collect, ask for, care for, lose, and keep. In a sense, Joseph was given the power by

Joseph's personal spirituality towards God
Knowing and believing in God: Joseph knew of and believed in God (Genesis 39: 9b: "how could I commit this great evil and sin against God." Joseph knew and believed in God worshipped by his father because God whom Jacob worshipped was a holy God. The word evil ‫ָר‬ ‫ָע‬ ‫ה‬ (rāʿāh): according to Swanson (1997:8288-8289) speaks of evil, wrongdoing, woe, that is, that which is morally bad (as opposed to or deviation of goodness), so that by implication that the event or action is dangerous in various ways (Gen. 44: 4), and also means disaster, distress, misery, calamity, destruction, misfortune, that is, difficulties in some circumstances (Ex. It also means failing to accomplish, related to the specified period (Isa. 65:20). Because the person who sins is the one who violates God's standards (Swanson 1997(Swanson :2627(Swanson -2629. Gesenius, Tregelles and Samuel (2003:271), ‫ֶי‬ ‫ֱח‬ ‫ָט‬ ‫-א‬ misses, misses the mark, speaks of an archer (the opposite idea of reaching the goal, of reaching the target). The meaning of missing or straying from the road is used for frightened and confused people and thus in a flight that suddenly misdirects. Job :17. Holladay and Ludwig (1971:100), qal means sinning, against God Gen. 20:9. Strong (1997Strong ( :2398, sin is a crime of offence that results in punishment. Whitaker et al. (1997:307-308 (1996:6213), the word ‫ָע‬ ‫ָש‬ ׂ ‫ה‬ "asah", means " do, offer, execute, show, prepare." To accomplish what is to be ordered. Whitaker et al. (1997:795) The word does not be afraid ‫ָי‬ ‫ֵר‬ ‫א‬ which also means standing in awe of God's plan through Joseph (Swanson 1997:3707-3708). Gesenius, Tregelles and Samuel (2003:364)  However, God Himself meant it for good. As stated in The New Testament, in the book of Romans 8:28 that "all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose". . Joseph has a strong spirituality; this is what made Joseph a person who can go through all problems and has an Adversity Quotient. Joseph is a very different person because he can still maintain his spirituality even though he is in difficult conditions wasted; even as a slave, he has no hope of life, and it is impossible to live a better life. Because a slave has no power over himself but his master. But Joseph's spirituality made him a formidable person, not to succeed but because he was obedient, knew, respected and feared God.

CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis of the content on the text determined by the authors, it is found that there is a relationship between personal spirituality and adversity quotient in Joseph's life.
Joseph was not a person who made success his ultimate goal. Instead, he experienced tremendous suffering as a result of the actions of his brothers.
As a slave, there was no hope or goal for success because slaves did not have rights to his life but